Hvad er forskellen på packages og !include?

Packages merger intelligent (lister kombineres, dict'er merges), mens !include bare indsætter YAML direkte. Brug packages når du har flere filer med samme sektioner (f.eks. multiple sensor: blokke).

Kan jeg bruge secrets i remote packages?

Nej, remote packages kan ikke bruge !secret. Brug substitutions med defaults i pakken, og override dem lokalt hvor du kan bruge secrets.

Hvordan debugger jeg lambda expressions?

Brug ESP_LOGD() i din lambda: ESP_LOGD("custom", "Value: %f", value); - dette vises i loggen med DEBUG level.

Hvornår skal jeg bruge external components?

Når funktionaliteten ikke findes i ESPHome core, eller når community har lavet en bedre implementation. Tjek altid at componenten er vedligeholdt og kompatibel med din ESPHome version.

ESPHome Avanceret Guide

DIY ESPHome Avanceret

Denne guide dækker avancerede ESPHome teknikker - fra packages og substitutions til multi-sensor projekter og external components. Perfekt til dig der vil tage dine DIY projekter til næste niveau!

📦 Packages & Substitutions

Hvorfor bruge Packages?

Packages lader dig genbruge konfiguration på tværs af mange enheder. I stedet for at kopiere den samme WiFi, API og OTA konfiguration til 10 enheder, lægger du det i én fil og importerer den.

Grundlæggende Substitutions

# device.yaml
substitutions:
  device_name: stue-sensor
  friendly_name: "Stue Sensor"
  update_interval: 60s

esphome:
  name: ${device_name}
  friendly_name: ${friendly_name}

sensor:
  - platform: dht
    pin: GPIO4
    temperature:
      name: "${friendly_name} Temperatur"
    humidity:
      name: "${friendly_name} Fugtighed"
    update_interval: ${update_interval}

Lokale Packages med !include

esphome/
├── common/
│   ├── base.yaml         # WiFi, API, OTA
│   ├── sensors.yaml      # Fælles sensorer
│   └── wifi.yaml         # WiFi config
├── stue-sensor.yaml
├── sovevaerelse-sensor.yaml
└── secrets.yaml

# common/base.yaml
esphome:
  name: ${device_name}
  friendly_name: ${friendly_name}
  platform: ${platform}
  board: ${board}

wifi:
  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
  password: !secret wifi_password
  ap:
    ssid: "${device_name} Fallback"
    password: !secret fallback_password

api:
  encryption:
    key: !secret api_key

ota:
  platform: esphome
  password: !secret ota_password

logger:
  level: DEBUG

# Fælles sensorer
sensor:
  - platform: wifi_signal
    name: "${friendly_name} WiFi Signal"
    update_interval: 60s

  - platform: uptime
    name: "${friendly_name} Oppetid"

button:
  - platform: restart
    name: "${friendly_name} Genstart"

# stue-sensor.yaml
substitutions:
  device_name: stue-sensor
  friendly_name: "Stue Sensor"
  platform: esp32
  board: esp32dev

packages:
  base: !include common/base.yaml

# Device-specifik konfiguration
sensor:
  - platform: bme280_i2c
    address: 0x76
    temperature:
      name: "${friendly_name} Temperatur"
      oversampling: 16x
    pressure:
      name: "${friendly_name} Lufttryk"
    humidity:
      name: "${friendly_name} Fugtighed"
    update_interval: 60s

i2c:
  sda: GPIO21
  scl: GPIO22

Remote Packages fra GitHub

# Importer packages direkte fra GitHub
substitutions:
  device_name: my-sensor
  friendly_name: "My Sensor"

packages:
  # Officielle ESPHome packages
  voice_assistant:
    url: https://github.com/esphome/firmware
    files:
      - voice-assistant/m5stack-atom-echo.yaml
    refresh: 1d

  # Community packages
  common:
    url: https://github.com/olegtarasov/esphome-common
    ref: main
    files:
      - common/base.yaml
    refresh: 1d

🔧 Avancerede Templates

Lambda Expressions

sensor:
  - platform: template
    name: "Beregnet Værdi"
    lambda: |-
      // C++ kode her
      float temp = id(temperature_sensor).state;
      float hum = id(humidity_sensor).state;

      // Beregn duggpunkt
      float a = 17.27;
      float b = 237.7;
      float alpha = ((a * temp) / (b + temp)) + log(hum / 100.0);
      float dewpoint = (b * alpha) / (a - alpha);

      return dewpoint;
    update_interval: 60s
    unit_of_measurement: "°C"
    accuracy_decimals: 1

Conditional Logic

binary_sensor:
  - platform: template
    name: "Komfort Zone"
    lambda: |-
      float temp = id(temperature_sensor).state;
      float hum = id(humidity_sensor).state;

      // Komfortabel: 20-24°C og 40-60% fugtighed
      bool comfortable = (temp >= 20 && temp <= 24) &&
                         (hum >= 40 && hum <= 60);
      return comfortable;

Text Sensors med Jinja2 (ESPHome 2025.7+)

# Ny i ESPHome 2025.7: Jinja2 i substitutions!
substitutions:
  # Dynamiske værdier
  compile_time: "{{ now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M') }}"
  random_suffix: "{{ range(1000, 9999) | random }}"

text_sensor:
  - platform: template
    name: "Firmware Info"
    lambda: |-
      return {"Kompileret: ${compile_time}"};

🛠️ Multi-Sensor Projekter

All-in-One Rum Sensor

# Komplet rum sensor med alle relevante målinger
substitutions:
  device_name: room-sensor
  friendly_name: "Stue Multi-Sensor"

esphome:
  name: ${device_name}
  friendly_name: ${friendly_name}

esp32:
  board: esp32dev
  framework:
    type: arduino

# I2C bus til sensorer
i2c:
  sda: GPIO21
  scl: GPIO22
  scan: true

# UART til CO2 sensor
uart:
  - id: uart_co2
    rx_pin: GPIO16
    tx_pin: GPIO17
    baud_rate: 9600

sensor:
  # ===== TEMPERATUR & FUGTIGHED =====
  - platform: bme280_i2c
    address: 0x76
    temperature:
      name: "${friendly_name} Temperatur"
      id: temperature
      filters:
        - sliding_window_moving_average:
            window_size: 5
            send_every: 1
    humidity:
      name: "${friendly_name} Fugtighed"
      id: humidity
    pressure:
      name: "${friendly_name} Lufttryk"
    update_interval: 30s

  # ===== CO2 =====
  - platform: senseair
    uart_id: uart_co2
    co2:
      name: "${friendly_name} CO2"
      id: co2
    update_interval: 60s

  # ===== LYS =====
  - platform: bh1750
    name: "${friendly_name} Lysstyrke"
    address: 0x23
    update_interval: 30s

  # ===== BEVÆGELSE (mmWave) =====
  # Tilføj LD2410 for tilstedeværelse

  # ===== BEREGNET: DUGGPUNKT =====
  - platform: template
    name: "${friendly_name} Duggpunkt"
    lambda: |-
      float t = id(temperature).state;
      float h = id(humidity).state;
      float a = 17.27, b = 237.7;
      float alpha = ((a * t) / (b + t)) + log(h / 100.0);
      return (b * alpha) / (a - alpha);
    unit_of_measurement: "°C"
    accuracy_decimals: 1
    update_interval: 60s

  # ===== BEREGNET: LUFTKVALITET INDEX =====
  - platform: template
    name: "${friendly_name} Luftkvalitet"
    lambda: |-
      int co2_val = id(co2).state;
      if (co2_val < 600) return 100;      // Excellent
      if (co2_val < 800) return 80;       // Good
      if (co2_val < 1000) return 60;      // Moderate
      if (co2_val < 1500) return 40;      // Poor
      return 20;                           // Bad
    unit_of_measurement: "%"
    update_interval: 60s

binary_sensor:
  # PIR bevægelse
  - platform: gpio
    pin: GPIO27
    name: "${friendly_name} Bevægelse"
    device_class: motion

# Status LED
light:
  - platform: esp32_rmt_led_strip
    rgb_order: GRB
    pin: GPIO25
    num_leds: 1
    chipset: WS2812
    name: "${friendly_name} Status LED"
    id: status_led

# Interval for status LED baseret på CO2
interval:
  - interval: 5s
    then:
      - if:
          condition:
            lambda: 'return id(co2).state < 800;'
          then:
            - light.turn_on:
                id: status_led
                brightness: 30%
                red: 0%
                green: 100%
                blue: 0%
          else:
            - if:
                condition:
                  lambda: 'return id(co2).state < 1200;'
                then:
                  - light.turn_on:
                      id: status_led
                      brightness: 30%
                      red: 100%
                      green: 100%
                      blue: 0%
                else:
                  - light.turn_on:
                      id: status_led
                      brightness: 30%
                      red: 100%
                      green: 0%
                      blue: 0%

Komponenter Liste

Sensor	Måling	I2C Adresse	Pris
BME280	Temp, Hum, Tryk	0x76/0x77	~40 kr
SenseAir S8	CO2	UART	~350 kr
BH1750	Lys	0x23	~20 kr
LD2410	mmWave	UART	~60 kr
AM312	PIR	GPIO	~15 kr

Total: ~500 kr for komplet multi-sensor

🔌 External Components

Hvad er External Components?

External components er custom ESPHome komponenter hostet på GitHub. De udvider ESPHome med funktionalitet der ikke er i kerne-biblioteket.

external_components:
  # LD2410 mmWave radar
  - source: github://screek-workshop/ld2410@main
    components: [ld2410]
    refresh: 1d

  # Custom sensor fra community
  - source:
      type: git
      url: https://github.com/ssieb/esphome_components
    components: [serial_csv]

Populære External Components

Component	Funktion	GitHub
ld2410	mmWave radar	screek-workshop/ld2410
ratgdo	Garage door	ratgdo/esphome-ratgdo
bluetooth_proxy	BLE proxy	esphome/bluetooth-proxies
improv	Easy WiFi setup	esphome/improv

Skriv Din Egen Component

# external_components/my_sensor/__init__.py
import esphome.codegen as cg
import esphome.config_validation as cv
from esphome.components import sensor
from esphome.const import CONF_ID, UNIT_CELSIUS

my_sensor_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace('my_sensor')
MySensor = my_sensor_ns.class_('MySensor', sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingComponent)

CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
    MySensor,
    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
    accuracy_decimals=1
).extend(cv.polling_component_schema('60s'))

async def to_code(config):
    var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
    await cg.register_component(var, config)

Project Template

# For deling af dine projekter
substitutions:
  name: "my-project"
  friendly_name: "My Project"

esphome:
  name: "${name}"
  friendly_name: "${friendly_name}"
  name_add_mac_suffix: true  # Unik for hver enhed

  project:
    name: "username.my-project"
    version: "1.0.0"

# Dashboard import for nem adoption
dashboard_import:
  package_import_url: github://username/esphome-project/project.yaml@v1
  import_full_config: false

# Captive portal for første setup
wifi:
  ap:
    ssid: "${name} Setup"
    password: "12345678"

captive_portal:

🧪 Debugging & Optimering

Memory Analyse (ESPHome 2025.11+)

# Ny kommando til memory analyse
esphome analyze-memory device.yaml

Debug Logging

logger:
  level: DEBUG
  logs:
    # Reducer støj fra specifikke komponenter
    component: ERROR
    wifi: WARN
    # Øg logging for debugging
    sensor: DEBUG
    api: VERBOSE

Performance Tips

# Optimer for batteridrift
deep_sleep:
  run_duration: 30s
  sleep_duration: 5min

# Reducer WiFi strømforbrug
wifi:
  power_save_mode: LIGHT  # eller HIGH

# Batch sensor opdateringer
sensor:
  - platform: adc
    filters:
      - sliding_window_moving_average:
          window_size: 10
          send_every: 5

❓ Ofte Stillede Spørgsmål

Ofte stillede spørgsmål

Hvad er forskellen på packages og !include?: Packages merger intelligent (lister kombineres, dict'er merges), mens !include bare indsætter YAML direkte. Brug packages når du har flere filer med samme sektioner (f.eks. multiple sensor: blokke).
Kan jeg bruge secrets i remote packages?: Nej, remote packages kan ikke bruge !secret. Brug substitutions med defaults i pakken, og override dem lokalt hvor du kan bruge secrets.
Hvordan debugger jeg lambda expressions?: Brug ESP_LOGD() i din lambda: ESP_LOGD("custom", "Value: %f", value); - dette vises i loggen med DEBUG level.
Hvornår skal jeg bruge external components?: Når funktionaliteten ikke findes i ESPHome core, eller når community har lavet en bedre implementation. Tjek altid at componenten er vedligeholdt og kompatibel med din ESPHome version.

📚 Næste Skridt

Temperatur Sensor

Basis ESP32 projekt.

Se guide →

mmWave Sensor

Avanceret tilstedeværelse.